7.7 million female scientists and engineers in the EU
Across all economic activities present in the statistical classification of economic activities in the EU (NACE rev. 2), women represented 41.0% of the scientists and engineers workforce. This share was higher in services related activities at 45.6%. In manufacturing, women represented 22.4% of scientists and engineers, while in other activities that share was 23.9%.
Among the EU countries, the proportion of female scientists and engineers varied widely in 2023, with the highest shares registered in Denmark (50.8%), Spain (50.0 %,) and Bulgaria (49.1%), Latvia and Ireland (each 49%). The lowest representation of female scientists and engineers was in Hungary (30.7%), followed by Finland (31.4%), Italy (34.1%), and Slovakia and Malta (each 34.3%).
At level 1 of the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS 1), female scientists and engineers were in the majority in 12 EU regions:
- 4 regions of Spain: Canarias (59.2%), Noroeste (54.2%), Centro (53.5%) and Noreste (52.2%);
- 2 regions of Portugal: Região Autónoma dos Açores (57.5%) and Madeira (55.8%);
- Makroregion Wschodni (56.5%) and Makroregion Centralny (52.6%) in Poland, Severna i yugoiztochna in Bulgaria (54.4%), Norra Sverige in Sweden (51.5%), as well as Denmark (50.8%), and Corse in France (50.5%).