What is Artificial Intelligence? How Does AI Work? (AI Types, History, and Future)

 



If right now, you were to look around for the forms of artificial intelligence, you'd be surprised to notice how deeply AI has penetrated every facet of our life. You can command Alexa or Siri right now to play your favourite song. You can ask the AI systems in your phone to set the alarm for you, remind you to run errands, and perform countless other tasks.
 
As normalized as AI is in our lives right now, it was just a science fiction fantasy up until a couple of decades ago. So what changed in the last decades that brought AI to common people's lives, straight from sci-fi books and movies?
 
This article will take you on the journey of understanding what is artificial intelligence, its history, beginnings, types, and future. Let's get started.

What is Artificial Intelligence

The 'intelligence' in Artificial Intelligence refers to machines' ability to make an informed decision or actions based on the given information. Humans are called intelligent beings because we can make independent decisions by factoring in information from our environment.
 
Our minds have a unique ability to learn, process billions of bits of information every second, solve problems, use logical reasoning, etc. In AI, this intelligence is simulated by machines. They are fed information and then programmed to exhibit human intelligence. When a machine can take actions on its own and simultaneously rationalize them, it will be deemed intelligent.
 
In short, artificial intelligence is when computer systems can perform tasks that require human intelligence, like solving complex problems, making decisions, etc. 

Domains of AI

Artificial intelligence has the following domains:
  1. Machine Learning 
  2. Deep Learning
  3. Robotics
  4. Expert systems
  5. Fuzzy logic
  6. Natural Language Processing
Let's delve into the history of AI and how it developed into its present form.

History of Artificial Intelligence

If we go back to the times of the Romans and the Greeks, their mythology has countless mentions of mechanical men, the modern-day equivalent of a robot. One such popular name is Talos. In Greek mythology, Talos was a giant bronze automaton that was made to protect the city Greek city of Europa from the attacks of pirates and invaders.
 
Fast forward to the last century, our movies and books have been dotted with these machines, who think independently. Needless to say, humans have long had the idea of human-like objects with a mind of their own.
 
Beginnings and Developments in Artificial Intelligence
 
For ages, philosophers have thought of the human brain's thinking process as a 'symbolic system.' Whether they are on an intergalactic mission or fighting aliens, Robotic companions to humans have been at the heart of sci-fi pop culture.
 
From TARS from Interstellar, Arthur from Passengers, to Wall-E and cult movies like The Matrix, machines that think and talk and perform actions for humans have been embedded in the popular imagination for a long time.

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